?? ????? (??? ??? ?? ????) ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????

?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? Wi-Fi ?LoRa ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? Wi-Fi ?LoRa? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????

???????? ???????? ??? ?????? Wi-Fi ?LoRa? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????. Wi-Fi? ???????? ?? Wireless Fidelity (????? ?????????)? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? IEEE 802.11? ???? Wi-Fi ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? Wi-Fi ????? ??? ????? ???? 2.4 ???????? ?5 ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????.

?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? LoRa (????? ??????) ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (LPWAN)? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ISM ??? ??????????? ??? 868 ???????? ?? ?????? ?915 ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? Wi-Fi. ????? LoRa ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????.

????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????.

???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????.

????? ????????: ???? ???? ???????

????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?? Wi-Fi ?LoRa ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? Wi-Fi? ?????? 2.4 ???????? ?5 ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? Wi-Fi ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????.

???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? - ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? - ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????.

??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? LoRa ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? LoRa ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?? ????? ????? LoRa ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? LoRa ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? Wi-Fi ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.

?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? LoRa ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? Wi-Fi ?LoRa ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ???? ??????

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? LoRa. ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???.

?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? Wi-Fi ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? Wi-Fi ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? LoRa ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? LoRa ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???????.

????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? LoRa ?????? ???????. ???? ??? Wi-Fi? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? LoRa ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????.

???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? - ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? - ?????? ????? LoRa ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? Wi-Fi ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????.

???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????

??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? Wi-Fi ?????? LoRa. ????? ????? Wi-Fi ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? Wi-Fi ????????? (??? 802.11ac ?? 802.11ax)? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????.

???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.

??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? LoRa ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? LoRa ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? LoRa ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? (ADR) ?? ????? LoRa ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????.

???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? LoRa ?? ??????.

???? ?????? ????????? ??????

??? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? Wi-Fi ?LoRa ????????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? Wi-Fi ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? (LAN) ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ????? Wi-Fi ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????.

?? ???????? ???? ????? LoRa ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????.

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? LoRaWAN - ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? LoRa - ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? (????? A? ?????? B? ?????? C)? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? LoRa ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? Wi-Fi? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????.

????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? WPA3? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????.

?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.

??? ?? ????? ???????? LoRa ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ???????? LoRaWAN ?????? ?? ???????: ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? LoRa ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????.

?? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? LoRa ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? LoRa ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????.

?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? Wi-Fi ? LoRa ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????.

?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? Wi-Fi ?????? LoRa ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? Wi-Fi ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ???????? ????? ????? LoRa ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? Wi-Fi ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? LoRa ?? ??????.

???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.