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????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????: "??????? ?????".

1. ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????

??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? G ???? ??? ??????? T? ???? ????? ????? ???????? F ?????? ?? dG sinθ? ??? θ ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? F ? θ ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.

2. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????

????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? R1 ?R3. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? R1 = R3.

??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? RI. ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? RIII? ?? ?? RI > RIII. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? RI

?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? "????? ????" ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? "??????? ??????".

3. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? "??????? ??????" ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? θ ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? "??????? ??????" ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 4(?)? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? V1 = dV1'. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? (7). ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 4(?). ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? V2?>V2? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????.

?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????

??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????.

????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????.

????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????.

??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????.

?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????.

???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????.

????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? (OEM).

???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? .

?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????.

?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.