??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????

??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? MOSAiC ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? The Cryosphere.

??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? MOSAiC: ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? Polarstern ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? 2018.

????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? "?????? ??????" ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????.

?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????: "?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????". ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????.

???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? MOSAiC ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 1200 ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? Polarstern ?? 4 ?????? 2019? ??? ?????????? 85° ?????? ?137° ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? 2019 ?????? ??? 2020.

"????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????"? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (AWI).

?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? "???????? ???????"? ???? ????? ????? "??????????"? ??????? ???????? ????? "???????"? ???? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? "???????? ???????" ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? "???????"? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? "?????? ???????".

???? ?????? ??????: "????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????/????? ????? 2018". ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????.

???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? MOSAiC? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????: "????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????". ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? "???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????"? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????.

?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????.

?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? "??????" ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???.

????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? MOSAiC ??? ??????? ????????????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????.

??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???.