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???????? ????????

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1. ???????? ???????? ???????

?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????.

(1) ???????? ???????? ????????

????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? -200 ?800 ???? ?????. ?? ???????: ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????.

(2) ???????? ???????? ??????

????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? -50 ??? 150 ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? 100 ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? (??? ?? 100 ???? ?????) ???? ????? ??????.

2. ????????? ??? ??????

????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????: ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (PTC)? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (NTC)? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? (CTR) ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????????? ?? ??? NTC ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????.

① ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????.

?- ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????.

③ ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? 50-300 ???? ?????.

④ ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????.

??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? -200 ???? ????? ?+500 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? 1 ???? (-272 ???? ?????) ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? 1000 ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????.

????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????.

?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????.

???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????.