????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????

????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????

???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???????? ????????: "????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????".

?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? ??? ?????

????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????.

1? 30-40 ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????

2- ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? 50 ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???

3? 70 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????

4. ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? 90 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????.

???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????.

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????

1. ???? ???? ???????

???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? dB. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????. ???? ??????: decibel = 0.03d10log(??? ????? ? / ??? ????? ?).

2. ???? ???????

??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? 1.2 ??? ??? ??? ?????.

3. ??? ?????? ????????

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????: ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? (???? ??? ?????).

(1) ????? ???? ????? ??????

??? ?????: ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? Ld ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?Ln ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? (?? ???? ????? ???????).

???? ????????: ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????.

(2) ???? ????? ?????? (???? ??? ?????)

??? ????????:

??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? 20 ????? Leq ?????? ??????? ?????.

??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (????? ??????)? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? (Leq)? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (????? ??????) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 20 ?????.

???? ?????:

???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???.

??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????.

?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????.

???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????.

?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? - ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? - ???? ??? ?????? ???????.

????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????.