????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????

????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????

??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???.

???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 2011 ???? ???? ?? 163 ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 1850.

?? ??? 1850? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? 2011? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????.

??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????: ??? ???? ??. ?????? ??. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????.

?? ??? 1979? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? 1983? ???????? ????? LED ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? 1331.2 ???????. ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 0.5 ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? 10 ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? 25% ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ??? 1985? ?????? ?? ?? ??. ?????? ??. ???? ???. ???? ?????? ????? LED ?? ??? InGaAs ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? 1665.4 ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? (NDIR) ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? 2005? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????.

???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????.

??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? RS-CO2*-*-2 ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? GE ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????.

?????? ???? ??????? ??? 400-5000 ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????.

?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????: ????? 485? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 433. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????: ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? 30 ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

???? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????.

???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????.