§±§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§å§Û§ã§ä§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §æ§à§â§Þ§å §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §è§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §ß§Ñ§ã. §±§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§å§Û§ã§ä§Ñ, §Ò§å§Õ§î§ä§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§í §Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ú §Þ§í §Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §Ü §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §ã §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ. §®§í §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §ß§à§Ó§í§Þ §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§Ö§Û§é§Ñ§ã, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î.
§¬§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ICP Sensor §ã 2010 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§Ö§à§â§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ë§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í.
§¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ §ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ?
2025-03-01
ICP Sensor
115
§£ §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ú pH §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ô§Ö§â§à§ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ. §¿§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§à§â§Þ §Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú. §°§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ä §Þ§å§ß§Ú§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ó§à§Õ§à§à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§à §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ú. §°§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ú §ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§à§â§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¥§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§Þ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó pH §Ú §á§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í.
§±§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§à§Ý§Ú pH-§Ù§à§ß§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ö §ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ
§¥§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ú pH §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ë§Ö§Ý§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ñ §á§å§ä§Ö§Þ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§à§ß§à§Ó §Ó§à§Õ§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ. §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ä§Ö§Ü§Ý§ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ, §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§Ú §Ú§à§ß§í §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö pH. §¿§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ, §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ñ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú. §´§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ó §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
§²§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú pH-§Ù§à§ß§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ö §ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ.
§¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§ð §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, pH-§Ù§à§ß§Õ§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¬ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú§Ù§ß§à§ã §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §ï§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§à§Þ. §©§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§è§í, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ú§à§ß§à§Ó §Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §ª§Ù§ß§à§ã §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§à§Ó, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ý§å§Ñ§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ñ. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §à§ä §ï§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§Ñ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ý§ð§é§à§Þ §Ü §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç pH §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ.
§²§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ö §Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð.
§²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú pH-§Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó. §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §ã §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ pH §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ä§à§é§ß§å§ð §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §â§Ñ§Ù §à§Ò§ß§å§Ý§ñ§ñ §ß§å§Ý§Ö§Ó§å§ð §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ. §¥§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Û §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§å§Û§ä§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ñ §ã pH 4 §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ú§Ø§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ñ, §ã pH 7 §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ú §ã pH 10 §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ñ. §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§ß§í§ç §æ§å§ä§Ý§ñ§â§Ñ§ç, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ. §·§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ó §é§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ, §ã§å§ç§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §°§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §´§ë§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§â§à§Þ§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó§à§Õ§à§Û §Õ§à §Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î.
§®§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ
§¿§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ pH-§Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §²§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Þ§í§Ó§Ü§å §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §±§â§à§Þ§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó§à§Õ§à§Û §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §´§ë§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Ö §à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §¢§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Þ, §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã §Þ§à§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §±§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ó §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö §ã pH 4 §Ú pH 10 §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 30 §Þ§Ú§ß§å§ä §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ú §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
§µ§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ
§²§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§â§Ö§Û§æ §Ú §ã§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î pH-§Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó. §¥§â§Ö§Û§æ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ú. §£§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§å §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å. §³§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§å§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§â§Ö§Û§æ. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Û §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó §Ú§Ù§ß§à§ã§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§â§Ö§ë§Ú§ß§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §è§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§å §ß§Ö§Ú§ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó.
§¥§à§Ý§Ô§à§ã§â§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ñ
§³§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§å §Ù§à§ß§Õ§à§Ó §à§ä §Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú. §©§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ñ §à§ä §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú §Ú §ï§Ü§ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§à§Ó, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ñ. §·§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ñ §Ó §ã§å§ç§à§Þ, §é§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Õ§à §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß§Ú §å§ã§å§Ô§å§Ò§ñ§ä§ã§ñ, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ñ. §©§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ù§à§ß§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§ß§í§Þ §é§Ö§ç§Ý§à§Þ §Ú §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ö§Ô§à §Ó §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í
§¥§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§Þ §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §ß§Ñ §Þ§å§ß§Ú§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ó§à§Õ§à§à§é§Ú§ã§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §¹§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ü §ß§Ö§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ pH. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§å§ð §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§å §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§å, §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú. §£ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ü§ß§å§Ý§à§ã§î §ã §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ù§ß§à§ã§Ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Õ§à§Ó. §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Û §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý§à §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ý§à §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Þ.
§³§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ
§³§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§å§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§å§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§à§é§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§å, §Ó §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §å§Õ§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§å§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §à§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §à§ä §ï§Ü§ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ñ. §±§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Û §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ.
§©§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó pH §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ §ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Õ, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §³§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§í§ç §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§å§ð §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ò§â§à§Ó§Ü§å, §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§å §Ú §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç. §£§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Û §á§â§à§æ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §ç§à§â§à§ê§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §Ú §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú. §±§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ú pH §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ä§à§é§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§å §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§Þ§å §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§â§Ñ§Ö§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§ß§Ö§Þ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
Table of Contents
§³§Ó§ñ§Ø§Ú§ã§î §ã §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú
§²§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ú
§¥§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü §²§ª§¬§¡
Copyright ? 2026 §·§å§ß§Ñ§ß§î §²§Ú§Ü§Ñ Electronic Tech Co., Ltd |
§¬§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ñ
|
§±§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú