§¬§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ICP Sensor §ã 2010 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§Ö§à§â§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ë§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í.
§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ?
**§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ?**
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ. §³§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ø§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù, §Ü§à§â§â§à§Ù§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ. §£ §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö §Þ§í §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§Þ, §á§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö, §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ö§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.
**§£§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ó §Ó§à§Õ§Ö §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ**
pH ¡ª §ï§ä§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ë§Ö§Ý§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ú §Ó §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §à§ß §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §ë§Ö§Ý§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð. §º§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ñ pH §Ó§Ñ§â§î§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä 0 §Õ§à 14, §Ô§Õ§Ö 7 ¡ª §ß§Ö§Û§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß pH §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä 7,2 §Õ§à 7,6. §°§ä§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §à§ä §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ.
§³§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH (§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ) §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ø§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§ã§à§ã§í §Ú §æ§Ú§Ý§î§ä§â§í. §³ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH (§ë§Ö§Ý§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ) §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü§à§Ø§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ü §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ç§Ý§à§â§Ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ù§Ú§ß§æ§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §Ú §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§å§ð §Ú §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
**§²§à§Ý§î pH §Ó §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ç§Ý§à§â§Ñ**
§·§Ý§à§â ¡ª §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ù§Ú§ß§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ú§Ü§â§à§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ó§à§Õ§Ö. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ç§Ý§à§â§Ñ §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö. §±§â§Ú §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö pH §ç§Ý§à§â §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ó §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û, §Ó§à§Õ§à§â§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó.
§£ §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ pH §ç§Ý§à§â §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§â§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§Ö§Ö, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Õ§å §å§ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Þ§à§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û. §ª §ß§Ñ§à§Ò§à§â§à§ä, §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §ã §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ pH §ç§Ý§à§â §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§ð §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú. §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH §Ó §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Ö§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ö, §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ç§Ý§à§â§Ñ, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ.
**§®§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH**
§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ó §Ó§à§Õ§Ö §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ, §à§ä §ä§Ö§ã§ä-§á§à§Ý§à§ã§à§Ü §Õ§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç pH-§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó. §´§Ö§ã§ä-§á§à§Ý§à§ã§Ü§Ú ¡ª §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§Û §Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§ß§í§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH, §ß§à §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§à§é§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í. §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§Ö pH-§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§å§ð §ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§â§Ö§è§Ú§Ù§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ç §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §Ó§í§Ò§à§â§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ö§Ó §Ú §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§à§Ó.
§¯§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §à§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö, §Ó §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ö ¡ª §ß§Ö §â§Ö§Ø§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ó §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ú §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô pH §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ§Þ §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§à§Ó §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§å§ð §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û.
**§¶§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH**
§¯§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§Ó, §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§å §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ. §¥§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§Ó, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ç§Ý§à§â, §Ñ§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§í §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§í pH, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã pH §Ó§à§Õ§í, §é§ä§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §Ú §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú.
§¯§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ã§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ú, §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§Û §ã§Ó§Ö§ä §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§Ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ §Ú §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ. §±§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ §ï§ä§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §Ú §Ú§ç §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH, §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§è§í §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §å§á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
**§°§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ö**
§£ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô pH §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ. §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î pH §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ñ, §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§è§í §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ø§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù, §á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ç§Ý§à§â§Ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ù§Ú§ß§æ§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§í. §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH, §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §á§â§à§æ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§à§Û, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç.
§£ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §à§ß §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ç§Ý§à§â§Ñ, §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ë§Ö§Ý§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§à§Õ§í. §±§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Ú §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§å§ñ §Ö§Ô§à, §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§è§í §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§å§ð §Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ó. §±§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ pH §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó §á§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö.